A | 2024年4月26日，第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第九次会议表决通过《中华人民共和国学位法》，自2025年1月1日起施行。 LONDON -- Microsoft’s purchase of Call of Duty maker Activision Blizzard won final approval Friday from Britain’s competition watchdog, reversing its earlier decision to block the $69 billion gaming deal and removing the final obstacle for one of the largest tech transactions in history.The Xbox maker’s quest to acquire Activision — maker of other blockbuster games like Candy Crush, World of Warcraft, Diablo and Overwatch — could close imminently ahead of a Wednesday deadline. That would wrap up a merger delayed for close to two years by intense scrutiny from authorities around the world.The blessing from the U.K.'s Competition and Markets Authority was expected after it gave preliminary approval last month to a revamped Microsoft proposal meant to address concerns that the deal would harm competition and hurt gamers, especially in the emerging cloud gaming market where players can avoid buying pricey consoles and stream games to their tablets or phones. “The new deal will stop Microsoft from locking up competition in cloud gaming as this market takes off, preserving competitive prices and services for UK cloud gaming customers,” the watchdog said. Microsoft was grateful for the “thorough review and decision” on a tie-up that “will benefit players and the gaming industry worldwide,” President Brad Smith said.Activision CEO Bobby Kotick says the game maker looks "forward to becoming part of the Xbox Team.”The deal will benefit gamers and be “productive for the gaming industry as a whole," said Josh Chapman, managing partner at venture capital firm Konvoy, which invests in video game startups.However, it also tilts the “balance of power significantly" in favor of Microsoft, whose Xbox console has lagged behind Sony's PlayStation and Nintendo, said George Jijiashvili, senior principal analyst at tech research and advisory firm Omdia. Microsoft “now has a big opportunity to dictate the future of the games industry,” he said. Since the deal was announced in January 2022, Microsoft has secured approvals from antitrust authorities covering more than 40 countries. Crucially, it got a thumbs-up from the 27-nation European Union after agreeing to allow users and cloud gaming platforms to stream its titles without paying royalties for 10 years.But the deal faced resistance from British and American regulators who worried it would stifle competition in the video game industry. Top rival Sony also feared it would limit PlayStation gamers’ access to Call of Duty, Activision’s long-running military shooter series. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission lost a court bid to pause the deal so that its in-house judge could review it. The FTC hasn't given up, appealing the decision and last month filing notice of its plan to resume that trial. That signals the U.S. regulator's intention to unwind the deal even after it closes. In the meantime, the U.K. regulator was the last major hurdle to the transaction going through. To gets its approval, Microsoft will sell off cloud streaming rights outside the EU and three other European countries for all current and new Activision games released over the next 15 years to French game studio Ubisoft Entertainment. British regulators had initially blocked the transaction over concerns Microsoft could withhold Activision titles from the cloud gaming market. Then, in an unprecedented move, the U.K. watchdog said it needed to reconsider.One factor was the EU’s approval, granted after Microsoft promised to automatically license Activision titles royalty-free to cloud gaming platforms. Another “material change of circumstance,” according to court documents, was an agreement Microsoft signed with Sony to make Call of Duty available on PlayStation for at least 10 years.But the regulator still criticized how the deal came together and warned other companies not to use the “tactics employed by Microsoft.”“Microsoft had the chance to restructure during our initial investigation but instead continued to insist on a package of measures that we told them simply wouldn’t work,” the watchdog's CEO, Sarah Cardell, said in a statement. "Dragging out proceedings in this way only wastes time and money.”The U.K. regulator “deserves credit for imposing a structural remedy on Microsoft that is significantly stronger than the weak commitments accepted by the European Commission," said Max von Thun, director of the Europe office of the Open Markets Institute, a proponent of stronger antitrust enforcement. But the CMA's flip-flopping makes the U.K. regulator look “weak and indecisive,” he said.“Moving forward, there is now a serious risk that in their dealings with the CMA, merging companies and their advisors will no longer take no for an answer,” von Thun said. ___AP Technology Writer Matt O’Brien contributed from Providence, Rhode Island.。学位制度是我国教育基本制度。1980年制定的《中华人民共和国学位条例》是我国第一部教育法律，确立了我国学位制度，在促进高层次人才培养、推动高等教育事业和经济社会发展等方面发挥了重要作用。随着我国进入新发展阶段，学位条例已不能满足实践需求，需要修改完善。在学位条例基础上制定学位法，是自1981年1月1日学位条例实施以来的第一次全面修订，是学位工作和教育法治建设的一项重大成果，意义重大、影响深远。学位法共7章45条，全面总结了学位条例实施以来学位工作改革发展的成果和经验，有针对性地破解学位工作中存在的问题，系统构建了中国特色的学位法律制度。一是强调学位工作坚持中国共产党的领导，全面贯彻国家的教育方针，践行社会主义核心价值观，落实立德树人根本任务，明确学位工作应当遵循教育规律，坚持公平、公正、公开，坚持学术自由与学术规范相统一的基本原则。

B | 二是在坚持学士、硕士、博士三级学位的基础上，明确学位包括学术学位、专业学位等类型，把实践探索的专业学位写入法律，并为未来探索新的学位类型留下制度空间。同时，在学位授予条件中，区别学术学位和专业学位，明确不同的要求。三是完善学位工作体制，规定国务院学位委员会、省级学位委员会、学位授予单位学位评定委员会的设置及职责，明确国务院学位委员会在国务院教育行政部门设立办事机构，明确国务院教育行政部门负责全国学位管理有关工作、省级人民政府教育行政部门负责本行政区域学位管理有关工作。四是明确学位授予资格取得的条件和审批的主体、程序，并规定硕士、博士学位授予点自主审核制度，扩大学位授予单位自主权。同时，强调国家的宏观调控，授权国务院学位委员会对相关学科授予点的设置、布局和学位授予另行规定条件和程序，突出加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设和服务国家重大战略需求的导向。五是规定学位授予的条件和程序，授权学位授予单位根据法律规定的条件，制定本单位学位授予具体标准。强调学位授予单位制定学位授予具体标准时应当坚持科学的评价导向并充分听取相关方面意见。在附则中对境外个人申请学位、学位授予单位在境外授予学位、境外教育机构在境内授予学位等作了相应规定。六是构建学位质量保障体系，突出学位授予单位全过程质量管理，明确研究生导师的条件、职责和对研究生的要求。加强外部监督，规定国务院教育行政部门和省级学位委员会对学位授予单位、学位授予点进行质量评估的职责。